Alphonso Pinkney : "Red, black and Green"
- Black Nationalism in the US - (c) 1976

p.69
"... although he was not an exponent of nonviolence Malcolm X advocated self-defense for blacks, but never did he encourage the initiation of violence, for he was aware that if blacks initiated violence, the forces in the society responsible for maintaining law and order would very likely embark on a campaign of genocide. The extermination of American Indians and Indochinese was ever present in his thinking, and he did not want to see Afro-Americans meet the same fate."

p.71
"... But his first order of business after founding the OAAU was to internationalize the struggle of Afro-Americans in the United States through a petition to the United Nations, charging genocide against 22 million black Americans. As ultimately outlined the petition charged the government of the United States with economic genocide, mental harm, murder, conspiracy, and complicity to commit genocide. The petition declared that in its treatment of Afro-Americans, the U.S. government had violated not only its own Constitution, but also the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the 1948 Draft Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide."


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Robert Penn Warren : "Who speaks for the Negro ?"
(c) 1965

interview with Malcolm X
p. 257
Malcolm X :
"I have never seen white people who would sit - would approach a solution  to their own problems nonviolently. It's only when they are so-called fighting for the rights of the Negroes that they nonviolently , passively and lovingly, you know, approach the situation. Those types of whites who are always going to jail with Negroes are the ones who tell Negroes to be loving and kind and patient and be nonviolent and turn the other cheek."

p. 260
Malcolm X :
"I think the black people have reached the point where they should reserve the right to do whatever is necessary to exercise complete control over the politicians of their community by whatever means necessary."

p. 261
Malcolm X on the Police State :
"Whenever you have to pass a law to make a man let me have a house, or you have to pass a law to make a man let me go to school, or you have to pass a law to make a man let me walk down the street, you have to enforce the law - then you'd be living in a police state. America right now is moving toward the police state."

page 264
Warren on Malcolm :
"But Malcolm X has, in fact, never had any association with actual violence in behalf of the Negro cause. He has always, by happy accident or clever design, been somewhere else."
p. 265
Warren on Malcolm :
"It may be argued that the personal fate of Malcolm X  - how much power or what kind of power he attains - is not what is important about him. What is important may be the mere fact of his existence in  this moment, his role, his symbolic function."
p. 266
"Malcolm X makes you face the absoluteness of the situation."
...
p. 266
"It is reported that Martin Luther King, a few years ago, remarked to a friend : "I just saw Malcolm X on television. I can't deny it. When he starts talking about all that's been done to us, I get a twinge of hate, of identification with him." [quoted from Nat Hentoff, The New Equality]
...
...Malcolm X can evoke, in the Negro, even in Martin Luther King, that self with which he, too, must deal, in shock and fright, or in manic elation.
Malcolm X has one other symbolic function. He is the unspecified conclusion in the syllogism that all of the "responsible" Negro leaders present to the white world :"If you do not take me, then ..."
Then you have to take Malcolm X, and all he means."

p.267
on Malcolm's assassination
" He was cut down by a shotgun and two revolvers. One of the alleged assailants was wounded and captured on the spot, and soon two other men,  both reported to be Black Muslims, were arrested. Meanwhile, on the night of February 23, while the body of Malcolm lay on view in the Unity Funeral Home, the Black Muslim Mosque Number 7 was burned down, presumably in revenge for the killing of Malcolm X.
In Chicago, addressing the annual meeting of his cult, Muhammad described Malcolm X as "a star gone astray," and said that he had "got just what he preached." At the same meeting, Wallace Muhammad, one of the defecting sons of Muhammad, recanted and begged forgiveness; and two of Malcolm's own brothers denounced him.
...
...James Baldwin told the press, that no matter who had pulled the trigger, the white community would have to share the blame. "Whoever did it," he said, " was formed in the crucible of the Western World, the American Republic."
"